Human Resource Management - 8564 Words

Strategic Management of Human Resources Section A: (Take around 15 minutes to answer each question, 1 or max 1.5 pages for each question) 1. What do we mean by the terms ‘Best fit’ and ‘Best practice’ to describe SHRM (Strategic Human Resource Management). Which is better? Use any short case examples to illustrate your discussion? Answer: By Definition ‘Strategic Human resource management is an approach that refers how the aims of the organization will be acquired through people by means of human resource strategies and combined human resource practices and policies. Strategic Human resource management is also based with viewing the people of the organization as a strategic element for the acquirement of competitive benefit’.†¦show more content†¦8]Developing appropriate measuring tools to measure the impact of the SHRM initiatives 9] Resorting to workplace motivation approach – something that influencesemployees to do things to achieve organizational goals 10] Development of an appropriate organizational reward system (such as gain-sharing) Once these challenges are identified and tackled with determination by the HR departments of the world, they shall be further steps closer in achieving successful SHRM implementation in the organization thus closer to the business goals and objectives. Section B: essay and report questions (Take around one hour to answer each question) 1. You have been asked to address a regional audience from a management institute on the subject of â€Å"Getting the most from your Human resources function – A cost effective value added service for the 21st Century’ prepare a briefing discussion paper as to what you would recommend and how you would go about this acknowledging the challenges you might face. AnswerShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compliance, compensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). Over time Human Resource Management has taken a new role intoRead MoreHuman Resources Management And Human Resource Management2123 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The study of human resource management becomes a major topic of the science of management at the beginning of 20th century and keeps attracting researchers’ attention (Merkle, 1980). The new models of human resource management derive from the advance of management theories and the accumulation of practices and experiences. With the development of global economy, the economic situation of each country deeply affects the world and becomes closely connected. In addition, the needs of customersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1138 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resources Management Hilti continues to grasp on success and expand globally, but their path weren’t always well defined. The company began in 1941 and historically they’ve kept to traditional strategies when it came to recognizing human resource requirements. In the early 2000’s, the company established a new set initiatives, aimed at doubling revenue and operating profits. Hilti also recognized that this type of growth would require invigorating ideas to employ human resourcing requirementsRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources Management941 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management is one of the most important aspects of any organization, whether it be non-profit, not for profit, or profit. Human Resources Management is what makes it possible for a manager to be able to focus on their work and tasks at hand and not have to deal with lots of unneeded interpersonal activities. They are in charge of correctly evaluating the candidates that the managers will have to work with for the duration of the candidate’s stay. They are responsible for makingRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management835 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management â€Å"They humanize the brand and help workforce communities thrive† (Who). A human resource management position may be the job for you. Every business and enterprise has a human resource manager, including Starbucks, Disney and even Apple. This job includes planning and coordination, organization, consulting employees and to oversee the work and employees. All the schooling and stress that comes along with this occupation pays off in the end with an enjoyable job. HumanRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1398 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resource Management Overview Tanya Phillips Dr. Andrea Scott, PhD HSA 320, Strayer University October 31, 2016 Human Resources Management Overview Human resources (HR) is the different kinds of clinical and nonclinical responsibilities for public and individual health involvement. The benefits and performance the system can deliver depends upon the knowledge, skills and motivation of those responsible for providing health services. Human resource managers don’t directlyRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management2534 Words   |  11 PagesIn most cases managers look at human resource management as an expense to a company rather than a source of benefit to the company however, research has proved that human resource management practices can be of greater value. Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. Human Resource Management are in charge of different tasks including recruiting asRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management820 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management Proper Planning is one of the most important aspects of human resource management. Without proper execution of plans, the particular needs of an organization that are the responsibility of human resources will not be reached, and therefore, will fall short of what is necessary for meeting the goals of an organization (DeCenzo, Robbins Verhulst 2013).There are many facets a human resource manager must be familiar with in order to run an organization. The functions of humanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Management1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand research with my family, I decided to go into human resource management, specifically in a hospital. Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

How Academic Dishonesty Is A Violation Of Trust Between...

Thank You Technology! From Students Everywhere Introduction Academic dishonesty is a violation of trust between the student and the teacher. Teachers expect their students to be fair, honest, study and do their own work. Academic dishonesty includes but is not limited to: Cheating - copying answers from another student s test, quiz, worksheet, etc. Bribery - paying another student to do their homework or give them answers Plagiarism - copying someone else s work without giving them credit Impersonation - pretending to be someone else in order to give the person a better advantage The idea behind academic honesty is to create a learning environment that is fair and sincere. Academic dishonesty is an ongoing problem. Since the very†¦show more content†¦A reason top-performing students turn to cheating is because they are told grades are what matter and they forget school is about learning. Learning is why students go to school and the importance of learning should be emphasized over grades. â€Å"In a climate where they’re told what really matters are grades, students turn to cheating (rather than to learning) in order to do well† (Watters, n.d.). Technology definitely helps students to cheat, but the reason the percent of students cheating is growing exponentially is not dependent on technology alone. Discussion Research has shown that whether students attend a public school or a private school doesn’t matter, students in both of these settings still have admitted to cheating. An Institute Center surveyed 43,000 high school students from both public schools and private schools and their results showed that â€Å"59% of high school students admitted cheating on a test during the last year† (â€Å"What is Plagiarism?†, n.d). The research showed that over half of the students have cheated on a test within the past year yet, what is even more surprising is that â€Å"34% self-reported doing it more than two times† (â€Å"What is Plagiarism?†, n.d). So not only are students guilty of cheating, some students are guilty of cheating more than once. Additionally, grade level was not a factor either. Students from elementary on up to college have admitted to cheating. Technology TechnologicalShow MoreRelatedPlagiarism Is A Form Of Cheating2006 Words   |  9 PagesEssay on Plagiarism Nahien Chowdhury University of Florida â€Æ' What Constitutes Plagiarism? Plagiarism is a form of cheating, and a serious violation of the honor code and academic honesty in educational institutions. According to dictionary.com, plagiarism is: a piece of writing or other work reflecting such unauthorized use or imitation [1]. In simplified terms, plagiarism is taking and using some else’s work without giving credit to the righteous owner, for using their information. This work includesRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pageswhite collar crimes committed by persons of respectability such as businessman, industrialist’s contractors and suppliers as also the corrupt public officials. The white collar criminality in the form of violation of foreign exchange rules export act and import Act and the frequent tax violation in the evasion of income tax, wealth tax etc. Such practice is causing a tremendous loss to state exchequer. Introduction The last few years have seen some major scams and corporate collapses acrossRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 PagesACADEMIC INTEGRITY RESEARCH LIBRARY KNOWLEDGE SKILLS COMMUNICATION EXPECTATIONS CAREER PATH  IMPRINT Title Mastering Graduate Studies EDITION 1 CONTRIBUTORS Editor: Alexis DiVincenzo Consulting Editors: Mark Alexander, Nicole Quow-Thomason Art Direction Senior Art Director: Miranda Hildebrand Art Development and Design: Jo DeSnyder-Rolfe Permissions contact Grand Canyon University 3300 W Camelback Rd Phoenix, AZ 85017 602.639.7500 Copyright Information Grand Canyon University. AllRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pageson the integrity of scientific research. J. Orthop. Res., 30:  1867 1868. Granitz, N. and Loewy, D. (2007). Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), 293-306. Luke, B. and Kearins, K. (2012), Attribution of words versus attribution of responsibilities: Academic plagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50): 7131-7133. Rushby, N. (2013), Plagiarism. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44:  3 4. Vitse, C. L. andRead MoreCorruption Is Barrier to Development in Pakistan9592 Words   |  39 PagesProgramme against Corruption defines corruption as â€Å"the abuse of power for private gain†, and it includes both the public and the private sector. Many different definitions or understandings of corruption, however, exist that generate debate among legal, academic and policymaker circles. In his historic speech delivered to the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 1th August 1947, the Quaid-i-Azam identified the first duty of his government as the maintenance of law and order. He defined his second priorityRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 PagesHuman Resource Management (MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizationsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCreating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/CounterpointRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University

Strategic Management WHL and DJL Acquisition

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for WHL and DJL Acquisition. Answer: Introduction WHLs strategic objective shows that it intends to measure its performance beyond the financial terms. The firms long-term success is depended on the Groups ability to implement its strategy thus achieve the strategic objectives. WHL would want to remain the leading retail group in the Southern hemisphere (WHL 2015: 1). For WHL to stay competitive, it has opted to build profitable customer relationships, become an Omnichannel business, and big food chain retail. The largest South African retail firm has always used partnership and acquisition to penetrate different markets. For instance, Austrasia region and Africa, the firm has variuos subsidiaries. Recently, it opted to acquire David Jones Limited thus open an upmarket department to counter the competitive pressure in the market. Analysis of WHLs and DJSs Vision and Mission WHL has the established a mission that shows that it intends to remain the first choice for customers who are focused on sustainability, innovation, and value (WHL 2015, 10). As the value-based leadership business, WHL intends to remain a passionate brand across all dimensions. WHL (2015) has identified that it can only achieve meaningful business growth by penetrating customer target markets and offering quality products at affordable prices. By acquiring DJL, WHL will become a customer-centric thus building a stronger customer relationships. David Jones has also become an extraordinary retailer for everyone. Its vision focuses on being the first destination for style and a seamingless customer experience (David Jones n.d). It intends to achieve its vision by opening additional stores that offer customers the best local and international brands across home, beauty, and fashion. Therefore, the purpose, value, and vision of DJL define the business thus deliver customer-centric outcome s (David Jones n.d). Since these companies almost share vision of becoming customer-centric and delivering quality products, the acquisition would be successful. The WHL will not have to impose the workers to get training to meet the new demands. WHLs and DJSs Current Competitive Strategies WHL is an established firm that offers affordable products in a broad differentiated scope. It values its customers and responds to their needs. Woolworths has introduced a better pricing strategy because of its economies of scale and low cost outsourcing. The company uses the global and scale sourcing opportunities to deliver more competitive pricing for customers (WHL 2016: 5). This makes WHL the best-cost provider because it focuses on serving customers. WHL has also used broad differentiation to meet the demand of customers. The $3.3 high-end department retail chain provides clothing, food products, home goods, beauty, and financial services. The South African store chain operates franchise partnerships in the Middle East and Africa to remain relevant around the world. David Jones is a low-cost provider whose pricing strategy is a threat to other players such as Coles and Woolworths (Pash 2016). The company is also market niche where it engages in the apparel products. However, recently, the company has been squeezing at both market ends thus embracing broad differentiation. The company is enhancing premium food selection to allow it competes. Following the $2.2 acquisition of DJL by WHL, the South African company is opening upmarket food stores (Pash 2016). The acquisition is beneficial because the company will now expand its market base to accommodate the low- to upper-income customers. David Jones has invested heavily building a strong relationship with local suppliers and build infrastructure capabilities to bridge the gaps experienced in the local market. Most of the customers of this firm have strong bargaining power, as they are individual buyers. Such customers can be attracted to convenience and favourable prices products. They have special traits to make purchasing decision based on convenience and price. WHL depends on its supply strength and efficient supply chain. The Country Road supermarket confirms its ability to find the best suppliers. To this effect, the suppliers bargaining is weak. The rate of rivalry is high in the Australian retail market. SHL has to face stiff competition from international retailers like Smart and local competitors as Myer. The existing competitors such as Aldi, IGA, Costco, and Coles have become dominant players in the market. These competitors use different variable accesses to distribute their trusted brands. To this effect, the new entrants would face difficulties because of high competitiveness. The Australian grocery and retail industry faces strong competition. Companies such as Coles have WHLs market share limited because they contribute to high concentration levels. Based on the Porters five analysis, it is evident that the company will benefit from the acquisition because it will raise its stake in the Australian market. The competitive advantage of the acquisition would involve maximizing DJLs market presence to expand its market share that appears threatened by high rivalry. With core competencies such as innovation, branding and market, integration, and excellent supply chain, WHL will outsmart other established firms. WHL realized the best financial performance that has given it an opportunity to acquire the DJL at $2.1 billion. It also enjoys a strong reputation and trusted brand name thus gives an edge to expand the market share by increasing the customer base. WHL has established a strong supplier relationship, thus serving its retail stores are predictable. However, the firms limited geographical share is a weakness that the acquisition will resolve. The acquisition stands to expand its geographical market share, as it will access the Austrasia markets. The company also offer similar products and services under a roof. Therefore, the acquisition of DJL will expand its product portfolio, as it will introduce apparels as part of the product line. To counter stiff competition, the online retailing offers WHL an opportunity to grow. It should diversify into the health food sector to maximize its performance. This SWOT analysis defines WHLs experienced business units. With this experience, WHL has the best opportunity to counter other established firms in the market. The weaknesses that WHL must consider include high investments in RD and competitive market (Smyth England 2014). The retail market in Australia seems to attract different international retailers thus posing a great threat to the South African company. The firm needs to improve its investments in research to make it competitive. However, the companys new acquisitions offer a significant opportunity for growth. With the growing demand in the market, WHL will improve its competitiveness and expand into other global markets through acquisitions. Conversely, WHL has to be concerned of the increasing costs and rates of interests. The market also faces external business risks and cash flow that threaten WHL. The prospects of this acquisition seem positive thus strengthen the companys competitiveness. For instance, DJL is an established brand name in the Austrasia market, and WHL will optimized the established networks to serve the market. With expanded market base, the company will maximize sales, use economies of scale, and double its operations thus make it competitive. DJL has always invested in RD and has the top talents in the management. The company can utilize these resources to enhance its productivity (Smyth England 2014). Therefore, the proposed acquisition of DJL will be prudent. International Marketing Strategies and Reason for using Acquisition Strategy WHL is never a new player in Australia as it has worked with its subsidiary to operate its retail business. The company has also used acquisition as a strategy to gain access to the Australian market. The combination of David Jones and Woolworths offers a significant edge thus benefit both customers and companies. With the combined Group, the organization stands to increase its efficiencies and economies thus enhance global sourcing and leverage fashion and seasonality trends. Based on the proposed acquisition worth $2.1 billion, David Jones Limited will be a wholly owned subsidiary of the South African retailer. After the completion, DJL will be delisted from the ASX (WHL 2014). The WHLs strategy to acquire the DJL was timely as it stands to strengthen its department store model against global competitors (Fickling Kew 2014, par. 1). The strategy stands to benefit the Cape Town-based retailer because it will breathe new life by maximizing the David Jones brand (WHL 2014). The company will expand its grip in the international market because the apparel companies have continued to seek opportunities in Australia and South Africa. The retailer intends to use own-label sales and reduce prices at David Jones. This will help WHL to boost its revenues, in particular, after introducing a loyalty-card project. The merger will make WHL the largest department-store operator in the Southern Hemisphere with projected revenues of about A$5.7 billion (WHL 2014). Woolworths Holdings Limited enjoys a majority stake in the second wealthiest country in the Southern Hemisphere as it has established about 470 outlets (Fickling Kew 2014). To this effect, it can defend its marke t position from the retailers from the northern hemisphere. The acquisition strategy could have been miscalculated and even the WHL manager says that it looks expensive but it stands to benefit the retailer in the long-term (WHL 2014). Since David Jones is a leading brand in Australia and has enjoyed a significant customer positioning, the acquisition place WHL at the premium end. It will enjoy a strong aspirational brand identities as it align its values that always put customers first by offering quality and excellent services. Similarly, David Jones is a prominent department store in Australia, and it operates about 38 departments in this country. It also opens flagship stores in Melbourne and Sydney (WHL 2014). The combination of these two retailers offers a significant advantage that stand to benefit customers and the companies. The WHL will increase its scale thus driving significant economies and efficiencies through the potential to leverage shared trends and seasonality and enhanced global sourcing (WHL 2014). The acquisition strateg y will improve the companys overall profitability and improve customer value. Therefore, both businesses will be positioned to counter the global retailers in the respective markets. The acquisition will offer the companies strategic opportunities because as they work together, WHL will optimize the capable management team thus accelerates David Jones strategic programs thus grow and consolidate its performance and competitive position (WHL 2014: 3). With the rapid rate of internationalization of various retail companies to enjoy a higher profitability and growth, the local companies are experiencing the heat because the foreign companies earn income from their international operations. Roberts (2005) believes that marketing is the only tool that guarantees a company growth. In case of a new product launch, new industry upstart, market entrant, the incumbent must defend its market position. For instance, the Myer Store Group must seek solace to restore and retain its market position. The company is already making itself ready for the battle by improving its armoury stores, better training its staff, better online services, and broadening the loyalty programs. These are some of the defensive strategies Myer has retagged as Fortress Myer using to battle WHL (Knight 2014). David Jones pricing strategy has always been a nightmare because it has always caused a significant price war thus the competitors needed to respond. Myer had to respond to the pressure by considering a potential takeover target because it had failed to merge with David Jones (Goria 2012). With the share price weakening, Myer was becoming more vulnerable thus affecting the companys profits and sales. According to Roberts (2005), the defensive strategy is meant to help companies to overcome the rivalry in the market. The incumbent has to protect its territory by discouraging the challengers from expressing substantial commitments thus dissuade the rivals (Goria 2012). The incumbents can begin with position defensive so that they can hold their current position by building customer loyalty and brand image. These incumbents need to invest in the current markets. Additionally, the companies can investment in mobile defensive strategy that allows the companies to be flexible thus adjusts to the new environment. This will involve making constant changes like introducing new products and improving its current products. The companies should further use flanking defensive by diversifying and entering new markets (Goria 2012). This strategy will ensure it compensates the losses from the new entrant. Muscle flexing strategy could also help the incumbents and other international players. It ensures the dominant leader protects its competitive role against rivals that threaten its position. It involves adding new market offensives and making price cuts (Spark 2016). It would be prudent for the incumbents to offer better products and large promotional campaigns to maintain and attract new customers. Bibliography David Jones. (n.d) David Jones Retail, LinkedIn. (available from https://www.linkedin.com/company/david-jones) Fickling, D., Kew, J. (2014) Woolworths $2 Billion David Jones Deal Bolsters Department Model, Bloomberg, April 9. (available from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-08/david-jones-agrees-to-south-africa-s-woolworths-2-billion-bid) Goria, S. (2012) How to Adapt a Tactical Board War-game for Marketing Strategy Identification, Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business. Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 12-27. Knight, E. (2014) Fortress Myer is Looking Defensive. The Sydney Morning Herald, September 11. (available from https://www.smh.com.au/business/comment-and-analysis/fortress-myer-is-looking-defensive-20140911-10f9al.html) Pash, C. (2016) Why David Jones Less Price Sensitive Customers are a Threat to Woolworths and Coles, Business Insider, Sept 1. (available from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/why-david-jones-less-price-sensitive-customers-are-a-threat-to-woolworths-and-coles-2016-9) Roberts, J.H. (2005) Defensive Marketing: How a Strong Incumbent Can Protect Its Position. Harvard Business Review, November Issue. (available from https://hbr.org/2005/11/defensive-marketing-how-a-strong-incumbent-can-protect-its-position) Smyth, J. England, A. (2014) Woolworths Wins Retail Battle for David Jones with A$2.15bn Offer, Financial Times, April 9. (available from https://www.ft.com/content/213d1d68-bf8b-11e3-b924-00144feabdc0) Spark, J. (2016) Offensive and Defensive Strategies for Industry Leadership, My Venture Pad, September 26. (available from https://myventurepad.com/offensive-defensive-strategies-industry-leadership/) WHL. (2014) Woolworths South Africa to Acquire David Jones to Create a Leading Southern Hemisphere Retailer, Press Release, April 9. (available at https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/whl_mini_2014/pdf/press_release_final.pdf) WHL. (2015) 2015 Integrated Report. (available from https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/investor/annual_reports/ar2015/whl_2015_integrated_report.pdf) WHL. (2016) WHL16, 2016 Interim Results. (available from https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/investor/interims/interim_results_2016/downloads/whl_analyst_presentation_2016.pdf)

Turning point of the Cold War and JKF Assassination free essay sample

One of his most famous sayings and what rallied so many Americans behind President Kennedy: And so my fellow Americans k not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. On November 22, 1963, Just three weeks after Diems assassination in Saigon, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into office, kept Kennedys key Vietnam advisors in place, and pledged, Let us continue. The United States would soon be well past the point of no return in Vietnam. For President Johnson, it was very difficult to repudiate his predecessors egacy in Vietnam, especially the fact he was not elected but became President by default due to the death of President Kennedy. Johnson and his administration felt compelled to escalate the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Turning point of the Cold War and JKF Assassination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. involvement as more and more Americans were becoming increasingly vulnerable to the Vietcong attacks. On May 4, 1964, a trade embargo was imposed on North Vietnam, this in fact was a notable stepping up of hostilities. Some would say trade embargoes can be more effective than the actual art of war. But in many cases these trade embargoes are the catalyst for initiation of ar, in this such case with the Vietnam War. In 1965, Johnson began sending ground troops into Vietnam, from this point on the Vietnam War was nicknamed Johnsons war. Johnson also felt it necessary to continue the war Just to honor the other three Presidents who were associated with this war (Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy) he felt an exit from this war would have damaged the US credibility as an anti- Communist superpower. Some historians believe Kennedy had an opportunity to extricate the US trom Vietnam in 1963. But Johnson telt that when the Kennedy dministration colluded in the autumn of 1963 the coup against Diem, the US had the moral responsibility in the commitment to Vietnam increased since the US helped removed one of South Vietnamese leaders, the US had an even greater reason and obligation to support the next Democratic successor. It is also said by some historians that even though President Kennedy may have had an opportunity to get out of Vietnam in 1963, there is no clear point where that would have been feasible as the US had invested nearly a decade of monetary aid, men and materials in the Saigon regime by the time of Kennedys demise. Also, by this time the US was heavily invested in the credibility of nation building something Kennedys predecessors had not done. The American intervention in Vietnam began in 1963 with direct aim of stopping the South falling into communist hands. In August of that year, Lyndon Johnson, who had taken over the American presidency in the wake of the assassination of John F. Kennedy, ordered the first air strikes on the North. Six months later the Rolling Thunder air campaign began. In this campaign alone more bombs were dropped on North Vietnam alone than were used in the whole of the Second World War. In the following five years the two Vietnams received the equivalent of 22 tons of explosives for every square mile of territory, or 3001b for every man, women and child. million tons of bombs and defoliants were dropped in total and 2. 6 million Vietnamese were killed. The American deployment Jumped from 23,300 1963 to 184,000 in 1966 and reached a peak of 542,000 in January 1969 under Richard Nixons presidency. The Tet offensive is seen as the great turning point: from then on the war, costing E30 billion a year, was widely acknowledged as unwinnable by the Americans. It was only a matter of time before mighty US imperialism was humiliatingly forced to withdraw. The Tet Offensive took Americans by surprise, the major objectives had been to drive a wedge between the Americans and the South Vietnamese. The attack on the US embassy was an attempt to show the vulnerability of the American armed forces. The Vietcong had hoped that the Tet Offensive action and the liberation of towns and cities would lead to an uprising against the US their belief was the South Vietnamese soldiers were tired and weary soldiers, dislocated peasantry, fractious youth and idely discontented layers of South Vietnamese society were ready to Join the struggle. But unfortunately this was not the case and the Vietcong had sporadic recruitment from this campaign. The Tet Offensive also aided in changing the view and minds of the American people as this was the same time, live televised coverage of the war was a harsh reality to so many Americans which had changed their views on the Vietnam War. President Johnson became increasingly unpopular to the point he had chosen not to seek re-election during the following Presidential campaign.